1.3 Explain the changes in arrangement, movement and energy of particles during these interconversions.

Figure 1: A perfect explanation of the particles and properties of each state.

Solid → liquid

• Particles move faster as heat is added
• Forces of attraction weaken
• No longer in fixed arrangement, particles begin to slide over each other
• Begin to vibrate more
• Can move around relatively freely
• Particles gain more energy

(for liquid → solid, process is the same but in reverse. i.e. instead of vibrating more, particles begin to vibrate less)

Liquid → gas

• Particles begin to vibrate even faster
• Forces of attraction become extremely weak
• Particles are now able to move around completely freely
• No arrangement whatsoever
• Particles gain more energy

(for gas → liquid, process is the same but in reverse. i.e. instead of vibrating more, particles begin to vibrate less)